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photoelectric effect

The process by which electrons are released material by the action of radiation and photoelectric effect is called photoelectric emission. Its essential features are:

• for each substance is a minimum frequency or electromagnetic radiation threshold below which no photoelectrons produced is more intense than radiation.

• The electron emission increases with increasing intensity radiation incident on the surface of the metal, because there is more energy available for free electrons.

In metals there are electrons moving more or less freely through the lattice, these electrons escape from the metal at normal temperatures that do not have enough power. A higher temperature produces more energy and movement, can release electrons (photoelectrons) by absorption by the metal of the electromagnetic radiation energy.

Description

Sea f the minimum energy for an electron to escape metal. If the electron absorbs energy E, the difference E- f, is the kinetic energy of electron emitted.

Einstein explained the characteristics of the photoelectric effect, assuming that each electron absorbing a quantum of radiation or photon. The energy of a photon is obtained by multiplying the constant h Planck the frequency n of electromagnetic radiation.

If the photon energy E is less than the starting power f , no photoelectric emission ca. Uma part of the photon's energy is used to separate the electron from the atom and the other party as kinetic energy to away.

Moreover, when the board S area is illuminated with a certain intensity I , absorbs energy in unit time proportional to IS , simply divide this energy between the amount h n to get the number of photons impinging on the plate in unit time. As each electron takes the energy emitted from a single photon, we conclude that the number of electrons emitted in unit time is proportional to the intensity of light illuminating the plate